INPUT TAX CREDIT
16. Eligibility and conditions for taking input tax credit
(1) Every registered person shall, subject to such conditions and
restrictions as may be prescribed and in the manner specified in section 49,
be entitled to take credit of input tax charged on any supply of goods or
services or both to him which are used or intended to be used in the course
or furtherance of his business and the said amount shall be credited to the
electronic credit ledger of such person.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, no registered
person shall be entitled to the credit of any input tax in respect of any supply
of goods or services or both to him unless,––
(a) he is in possession of a tax invoice or debit note issued by a
supplier registered under this Act, or such other tax paying documents as may be prescribed ;
(b) he has received the goods or services or both.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, it shall be deemed
that the registered person has received the goods where the goods are
delivered by the supplier to a recipient or any other person on the
direction of such registered person, whether acting as an agent or
otherwise, before or during movement of goods, either by way of transfer
of documents of title to goods or otherwise ;
(c) subject to the provisions of section 41, the tax charged in respect of such supply has been actually paid to the Government, either in cash or through utilisation of input tax credit admissible in respect of the said supply ; and
(d) he has furnished the return under section 39 :
Provided that where the goods against an invoice are received in
lots or instalments, the registered person shall be entitled to take credit
upon receipt of the last lot or instalment :
Provided further that where a recipient fails to pay to the supplier
of goods or services or both, other than the supplies on which tax is
payable on reverse charge basis, the amount towards the value of supply
along with tax payable thereon within a period of one hundred and eighty
days from the date of issue of invoice by the supplier, an amount equal
to the input tax credit availed by the recipient shall be added to his
output tax liability, along with interest thereon, in such manner as may
be prescribed :
Provided also that the recipient shall be entitled to avail of the
credit of input tax on payment made by him of the amount towards the
value of supply of goods or services or both along with tax payable
thereon.
(3) Where the registered person has claimed depreciation on the tax
component of the cost of capital goods and plant and machinery under the
provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961(43 of 1961), the input tax credit on the said tax component shall not be allowed.
(4) A registered person shall not be entitled to take input tax credit in
respect of any invoice or debit note for supply of goods or services or both
after the due date of furnishing of the return under section 39 for the month
of September following the end of financial year to which such invoice or
invoice relating to such debit note pertains or furnishing of the relevant
annual return, whichever is earlier.
17. Apportionment of credit and blocked credits.
(1) Where the goods or services or both are used by the registered
person partly for the purpose of any business and partly for other purposes,
the amount of credit shall be restricted to so much of the input tax as is
attributable to the purposes of his business.
(2) Where the goods or services or both are used by the registered person partly for effecting taxable supplies including zero-rated supplies under this Act or under the Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act and partly for
effecting exempt supplies under the said Acts, the amount of credit shall be
restricted to so much of the input tax as is attributable to the said taxable
supplies including zero-rated supplies.
(3) The value of exempt supply under sub-section (2) shall be such as
may be prescribed, and shall include supplies on which the recipient is liable
to pay tax on reverse charge basis, transactions in securities, sale of land
and, subject to clause (b) of paragraph 5 of Schedule II, sale of building.
(4) A banking company or a financial institution including a non-banking
financial company, engaged in supplying services by way of accepting deposits,
extending loans or advances shall have the option to either comply with the
provisions of sub-section (2), or avail of, every month, an amount equal to
fifty per cent. of the eligible input tax credit on inputs, capital goods and
input services in that month and the rest shall lapse :
Provided that the option once exercised shall not be withdrawn during
the remaining part of the financial year :
Provided further that the restriction of fifty percent. shall not apply to
the tax paid on supplies made by one registered person to another registered
person having the same Permanent Account Number.
(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) of section 16
and sub-section (1) of section 18, input tax credit shall not be available in
respect of the following, namely :—
(a) motor vehicles and other conveyances except when they are
used––
(i) for making the following taxable supplies, namely :––
(A) further supply of such vehicles or conveyances ; or
(B) transportation of passengers ; or
(C) imparting training on driving, flying, navigating such
vehicles or conveyances ;
(ii) for transportation of goods ;
(b) the following supply of goods or services or both :—
(i) food and beverages, outdoor catering, beauty treatment,
health services, cosmetic and plastic surgery except where an inward supply of goods or services or both of a particular category is used by a registered person for making an outward taxable supply of the same category of goods or services or both or as an element of a taxable composite or mixed supply ;
(ii) membership of a club, health and fitness centre ;
(iii) rent-a-cab, life insurance and health insurance except where—
(A) the Government notifies the services which are obligatory for an employer to provide to its employees under any law for the time being in force ; or
(B) such inward supply of goods or services or both of a particular category is used by a registered person for making an outward taxable supply of the same category of goods or services or both or as part of a taxable composite or mixed supply ; and
(iv) travel benefits extended to employees on vacation such as
leave or home travel concession.
(c) works contract services when supplied for construction of an
immovable property (other than plant and machinery) except where it
is an input service for further supply of works contract service ;
(d) goods or services or both received by a taxable person for
construction of an immovable property (other than plant or machinery)
on his own account including when such goods or services or both are
used intercourse or furtherance of business.
Explanation.––For the purposes of clauses (c) and (d), the expression
“construction” includes re-construction, renovation, additions or alterations or repairs, to the extent of capitalisation, to the said immovable property ;
(e) goods or services or both on which tax has been paid under
section10 ;
(f) goods or services or both received by a non-resident taxable
person except on goods imported by him ;
(g) goods or services or both used for personal consumption ;
(h) goods lost, stolen, destroyed, written off or disposed of by way of
gift or free samples ; and
(i) any tax paid in accordance with the provisions of sections 74, 129
and 130.
(6) The Government may prescribe the manner in which the credit
referred to in sub-sections (1) and (2) may be attributed.
Explanation.–– For the purposes of this Chapter and Chapter VI, the
expression “plant and machinery” means apparatus, equipment, and
machinery fixed to earth by foundation or structural support that are used
for making outward supply of goods or services or both and includes such
foundation and structural supports but excludes—
(i) land, building or any other civil structures ;
(ii) telecommunication towers ; and
(iii) pipelines laid outside the factory premises.
18. Availability of credit in special circumstances.
(1) Subject to such conditions and restrictions as may be prescribed–
(a) a person who has applied for registration under this Act within
thirty days from the date on which he becomes liable to registration and
has been granted such registration shall be entitled to take credit of
input tax in respect of inputs held in stock and inputs contained in semifinished
or finished goods held in stock on the day immediately preceding the date from which he becomes liable to pay tax under the provisions of this Act ;
(b) a person who takes registration under sub-section (3) of section
25 shall be entitled to take credit of input tax in respect of inputs held in
stock and inputs contained in semi-finished or finished goods held in
stock on the day immediately preceding the date of grant of registration ;
(c) where any registered person ceases to pay tax under section 10,
he shall be entitled to take credit of input tax in respect of inputs held
in stock, inputs contained in semi-finished or finished goods held in stock
and on capital goods on the day immediately preceding the date from
which he becomes liable to pay tax under section 9 :
Provided that the credit on capital goods shall be reduced by such
percentage points as may be prescribed ;
(d) where an exempt supply of goods or services or both by a
registered person becomes a taxable supply, such person shall be entitled
to take credit of input tax in respect of inputs held in stock and inputs
contained in semi-finished or finished goods held in stock relatable to
such exempt supply and on capital goods exclusively used for such exempt
supply on the day immediately preceding the date from which such supply
becomes taxable :
Provided that the credit on capital goods shall be reduced by such
percentage points as may be prescribed.
(2) A registered person shall not be entitled to take input tax credit
under sub-section (1) in respect of any supply of goods or services or both to
him after the expiry of one year from the date of issue of tax invoice relating
to such supply.
(3) Where there is a change in the constitution of a registered person
on account of sale, merger, demerger, amalgamation, lease or transfer of the
business with the specific provisions for transfer of liabilities, the said
registered person shall be allowed to transfer the input tax credit which
remains unutilised in his electronic credit ledger to such sold, merged,
demerged, amalgamated, leased or transferred business in such manner as
may be prescribed.
(4) Where any registered person who has availed of input tax credit
opts to pay tax under section 10 or, where the goods or services or both
supplied by him become wholly exempt, he shall pay an amount, by way of
debit in the electronic credit ledger or electronic cash ledger, equivalent to
the credit of input tax in respect of inputs held in stock and inputs contained
in semi-finished or finished goods held in stock and on capital goods, reduced
by such percentage points as may be prescribed, on the day immediately
preceding the date of exercising of such option or, as the case may be, the
date of such exemption :
Provided that after payment of such amount, the balance of input tax
credit, if any, lying in his electronic credit ledger shall lapse.
(5) The amount of credit under sub-section (1) and the amount payable
under sub-section (4) shall be calculated in such manner as may be prescribed.
(6) In case of supply of capital goods or plant and machinery, on which
input tax credit has been taken, the registered person shall pay an amount
equal to the input tax credit taken on the said capital goods or plant and
machinery reduced by such percentage points as may be prescribed or the
tax on the transaction value of such capital goods or plant and machinery
determined under section 15, whichever is higher :
Provided that where refractory bricks, moulds and dies, jigs and fixtures
are supplied as scrap, the taxable person may pay tax on the transaction
value of such goods determined under section 15.
19. Taking input tax credit in respect of inputs and capital goods sent for job work
(1) The principal shall, subject to such conditions and restrictions
as may be prescribed, be allowed input tax credit on inputs sent to a job
worker for job work.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (b) of sub-section (2)
of section 16, the principal shall be entitled to take credit of input tax on
inputs even if the inputs are directly sent to a jobworker for jobwork without
being first brought to his place of business.
(3) Where the inputs sent for jobwork are not received back by the
principal after completion of jobwork or otherwise or are not supplied from
the place of business of the jobworker in accordance with clause (a) or clause
(b) of sub-section (1) of section 143 within one year of being sent out, it shall
be deemed that such inputs had been supplied by the principal to the
jobworker on the day when the said inputs were sent out :
Provided that where the inputs are sent directly to a jobworker, the
period of one year shall be counted from the date of receipt of inputs by the
jobworker.
(4) The principal shall, subject to such conditions and restrictions as
may be prescribed, be allowed input tax credit on capital goods sent to a
jobworker for jobwork.
(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (b) of sub-section (2)
of section 16, the principal shall be entitled to take credit of input tax on
capital goods even if the capital goods are directly sent to a jobworker for
jobwork without being first brought to his place of business.
(6) Where the capital goods sent for jobwork are not received back by
the principal within a period of three years of being sent out, it shall be
deemed that such capital goods had been supplied by the principal to the
jobworker on the day when the said capital goods were sent out :
Provided that where the capital goods are sent directly to a jobworker,
the period of three years shall be counted from the date of receipt of capital
goods by the jobworker.
(7) Nothing contained in sub-section (3) or sub-section (6) shall apply to
moulds and dies, jigs and fixtures, or tools sent out to a jobworker for jobwork.
Explanation.—For the purpose of this section, “principal” means the
person referred to in section 143.
20. Manner of Distribution of credit by Input Service Distributor
(1) The Input Service Distributor shall distribute the credit of State
tax as State tax or integrated tax and integrated tax as integrated tax or
State tax, by way of issue of document containing the amount of input tax
credit being distributed in such manner as may be prescribed.
(2) The Input Service Distributor may distribute the credit subject to
the following conditions, namely :––
(a) the credit can be distributed to the recipients of credit against a
document containing such details as may be prescribed ;
(b) the amount of the credit distributed shall not exceed the amount
of credit available for distribution ;
(c) the credit of tax paid on input services attributable to a recipient
of credit shall be distributed only to that recipient ;
(d) the credit of tax paid on input services attributable to more than
one recipient of credit shall be distributed amongst such recipients to
whom the input service is attributable and such distribution shall be
pro rata on the basis of the turnover in a State or turnover in a Union
territory of such recipient, during the relevant period, to the aggregate
of the turnover of all such recipients to whom such input service is
attributable and which are operational in the current year, during the
said relevant period ;
(e) the credit of tax paid on input services attributable to all
recipients of credit shall be distributed amongst such recipients and
such distribution shall be pro rata on the basis of the turnover in a State
or turnover in a Union territory of such recipient, during the relevant
period, to the aggregate of the turnover of all recipients and which are
operational in the current year, during the said relevant period.
Explanation.––For the purposes of this section,––
(a) the “relevant period” shall be––
(i) if the recipients of credit have turnover in their States
or Union territories in the financial year preceding the year during which credit is to be distributed, the said financial year ; or
(ii) if some or all recipients of the credit do not have any
turnover in their States or Union territories in the financial year preceding the year during which the credit is to be distributed, the last quarter for which details of such turnover of all the recipients are available, previous to the month during which credit is to be distributed ;
(b) the expression “recipient of credit” means the supplier of
goods or services or both having the same Permanent Account
Number as that of the Input Service Distributor ;
(c) the term “turnover”, in relation to any registered person engaged in the supply of taxable goods as well as goods not taxable under this Act, means the value of turnover, reduced by the amount of any duty or tax levied under entry 84 of List I of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution and entry 51 and 54 of List II of the said Schedule.
21. Manner of recovery of credit distributed in excess Where the Input Service Distributor distributes the credit in contravention of the provisions contained in section 20 resulting in excess distribution of credit to one or more recipients of credit, the excess credit so distributed shall be recovered from such recipients along with interest, and the provisions of section 73 or section 74, as the case may be, shall, mutatis mutandis, apply for determination of amount to be recovered.
